Guys,You can refer the following URL.====http://help.directadmin.com/item.php?id=284====Check it out...
Thursday, 18 November 2010
Saturday, 13 November 2010
How to convert from ext3 to ext2 file system?
Posted on 08:30 by Unknown
Guys,===========1. # umount /dev/hda1Now change the file system type to ext2 by typing the following command2. # tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/hda1Verify that there are no error:3.# e2fsck -y /dev/hda1Mount the file system to original mount point (for example /home or /mnt):4. # mount -t ext2 /dev/hda1 /homeGo to mount point and remove .journal file5. # rm -f .journal===========Try...
How to convert ext2 to ext3 file system?
Posted on 07:55 by Unknown
Guys,The ext2 or second extended filesystem is a file system for the Linux kernel, and the ext3 is a journaled file system. The ext3’s main advantage over ext2 is journaling which improves reliability and eliminates the need to check the file system after an unclean shutdown. Journaling process file system log convert file system during disk, if any problem arise it will be reconstructed it will be done by tune2fs tune to ext3 file system,While the power failure occur, Journalism File system restore pre-crash data store on the disk. It will also...
Wednesday, 10 November 2010
How to enable swap space on xen VPS?
Posted on 07:47 by Unknown
Guys,I did the following steps :==========root@onweb:/# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap bs=1024 count=10485761048576+0 records in1048576+0 records out1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 8.60256 s, 125 MB/sroot@onweb:/# mkswap /swapmkswap: /swap: warning: don't erase bootbits sectors on whole disk. Use -f to force.Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1048572 KiBno label, UUID=00d2e2b5-0453-48b7-809b-4e405fadd9e8root@onweb:/# chmod 0600 /swaproot@onweb:/# vi /etc/fstab //give entry like : /swap swap swap defaults,noatime...
Tuesday, 9 November 2010
ftp: connect: Connection refused
Posted on 09:24 by Unknown
Guys,If you get this type of error message, please check the server's firewall first. I have faced this error message during connecting to the FTP server. In my case passive ports ranges were not enabled in the FTP and iptables firewall.====PassivePortRange 30000 50000====Add the above line in the ftp configuration file and enable them in the iptables like :===== iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --destination-port 30000:50000 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --source-port 30000:50000 -j ACCEPT=====Then restart iptables and ftp server like :====service...
Monday, 8 November 2010
How to stop core file generation in the server from php?
Posted on 09:55 by Unknown
Guys,A core file records memory image of running process.when a php process is killed, apache creates core files under your account.These core files takes too much of space on server.There is no harm on deleting these files.You can get rid off these core files by modifying the httpd start up file.=======vi /usr/sbin/httpd and ulimit -c 0 after the first "ulimit" counting from the last.=======PS: /usr/sbin/httpd is nothing but a bash script.Try...
eth0 errors +WARNINGs: packets is + outside range
Posted on 02:30 by Unknown
Guys,I got this error messages from munin monitoring service and following was the error messages :=========eth0 errors WARNINGs: packets is 1.52 (outside range [:1]).=========So, my basic concept is either eth0 is being overloaded or isn't compatible with kernel or OS. So, I checked the settings of the eth0 and RX(receive) and TX(transmit) packet errors and I found that there is error at RX. I have pasted the results here.========root@server [/proc/net]#ethtool eth0 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:19:7A:7D:96 inet addr:178.250.55.14...
Sunday, 7 November 2010
How to access the webalizer from the outside of the cpanel?
Posted on 05:46 by Unknown
Guys,I don't want to post this type of article since you'll get it from the Google. But still I did. I followed following steps :Example :=====root@cp [~]# /scripts/whoowns domain.comdomainroot@cp [~]# cd ~domainroot@cp [/home/domain]# cd public_html/root@cp [/home/domain/public_html]# pwd/home/domian/public_htmlroot@cp [/home/domain/public_html]# ln -s /home/domian/tmp/webalizer statsroot@cp [/home/domain/public_html]# chown domain. statsroot@cp [/home/domain/public_html]# chmod 755 ~domain/tmp -R=====Now access http://domain.com/statsPS: Domain...
kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!
Posted on 02:46 by Unknown
Guys,Error messages during after upgrading the kernel :----------mount: could not find filesystem 'dev/root'setuproot: moving /dev failed: No such file or directorysetuproot: eroor mounting /proc: No such file or directorysetuproot: eroor mounting /sys: No such file or directoryswitchroot: mount failed: No such file or directoryKernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!----------You need to check two important files and these are /etc/fstab and /boot/grub/grub.conf. The first file tells the system to mount the devices to the corresponding...
Saturday, 6 November 2010
How to capture the network packet?
Posted on 10:53 by Unknown
Guys,Try these...Capture the network packet :[root@vienna ~]# tcpdump -i eth0 -w traffic.eth0tcpdump: listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytesRead the packet :[root@vienna ~]# tcpdump -r traffic.eth0............................................................
Thursday, 4 November 2010
How to change admin password in the table of the mysql database?
Posted on 10:48 by Unknown
Guys,You can use following command to do the same :=====update agb_book_auth set password=MD5("newwpass") where username="admin";=====Where table agb_book_auth contains admin and password attributes.OR :=====update wp_users set user_pass = 'b15a2021cb835426552c5d8599d5c7ab' where user_login = 'admin';=====Then execute : flush privileges;Try...
Plesk configuration files path + linux?
Posted on 08:08 by Unknown
Guys,Here are the paths : Plesk Config & Binary fileLinux : ===========================================================# Plesk treePRODUCT_ROOT_D - /usr/local/psa==================================================# Directory of SysV-like Plesk initscriptsPRODUCT_RC_D - /etc/init.d /etc/psa/psa.conf // common config file /etc/psa/.psa.shadow // admin password file /var/log // common log file /etc/local/psa/admin/logs...
Links for linux commands?
Posted on 05:32 by Unknown
You can refer following links :==========http://www.hscripts.com/tutorials/linux-commands/who.htmlhttp://www.pixelbeat.org/cmdline.html=========NFS and NIS configuration :http://www.linuxhomenetworking.com/wiki/index.php/Quick_HOWTO_:_Ch30_:_Configuring_NISIf you get any link you can share here :)Munin(server monitoring) configuration link :http://wiki.kartbuilding.net/index.php/Munin_Statist...
How to use grep,find,sor,pg,ip,wget commands in linux
Posted on 05:26 by Unknown
Guys,grep -irl saqun.com * [i=case sensitive,allow both case. r=recursive, l=list out] // search domain in /hsphere/local/config/httpd/sites/1.check php version: php -v2.check which php: php -i // php -i |grep php.ini3./usr/local/cpanel/logs // logs of cpanel4./var/cpanel/userdata // gives the user data.5.ctrl+] // to come out from established connectionThen q enter.7.Search customer by name or by email id:-8.vps # vzctl enter (id of domain) // to go to root of particular domain.9.For...
How to delete file using inode number?
Posted on 03:16 by Unknown
Ans :You can find the file and remove it by rm -f command like :$ find . -inum 782263 -exec rm -f {} \;To view the inode number :ls -ilTry...
Wednesday, 3 November 2010
Install firewalls on linux?
Posted on 17:03 by Unknown
Security Softwares 1. APF 2. BFD 3. CSF 4. RkHunter 5. ChkRootkit 6. DDOS-Deflate 7. Secure-Nobody -===========================APFcd /usr/local/src/;wget http://www.rfxnetworks.com/downloads/apf-current.tar.gz;tar -xvzf apf-current.tar.gz;rm -rf apf-current.tar.gz;cd apf-0*;./install.shBFDcd /usr/local/src/;wget http://www.rfxnetworks.com/downloads/bfd-current.tar.gz;tar -xvzf bfd-current.tar.gz;rm -rf bfd-current.tar.gz;cd bfd-0*;./install.shCSFhttp://configserver.com/cp/csf.htmlcd /usr/local/src/;wget http://www.configserver.com/free/csf.tgz;tar...
How to secure linux server?
Posted on 17:00 by Unknown
Guys,You can refer the following URL :======http://www.mysql-apache-php.com/basic-linux-security.htm======check...
How to setup loop device?
Posted on 15:55 by Unknown
Guys,In Unix-like operating systems, a loop device, vnd (vnode disk), or lofi (loopback file interface) is a pseudo-device that makes a file accessible as a block device.losetup /dev/loop0 example.imgmount /dev/loop0 /home/you/dirThe second command mounts the device on the directory /home/you/dir. The overall effect of executing these two commands is that the content of the file is used as a file system rooted at the mount point.The mount utility is usually capable of handling the entire procedure:mount -o loop example.img /home/you/dirTry...
How to create tmp partition on linux server?
Posted on 15:50 by Unknown
PS : Making more available for you : ====If you do not have any /tmp partition you will need to follow the directions below to create and mount a partition.Create a 190Mb partitionshell: cd /dev/; dd if=/dev/zero of=tmpMnt bs=1024 count=200000Format the partitionshell: mke2fs /dev/tmpMntMake a backup of the old datashell: cp -Rp /tmp /tmp_backupMount the temp filesystemshell: mount -o loop,noexec,nosuid,rw /dev/tmpMnt /tmpSet the permissionsshell: chmod 1777 /tmpCopy the old files backshell: cp -Rp /tmp_backup/* /tmp/Once you do that go ahead and...
[a fatal error or timeout occurred while processing this directive] + cpanel
Posted on 15:32 by Unknown
Guys,Just check the cpanel log file and you'll get the clue from there. I got following messages :execute : tail -f /usr/local/cpanel/logs/error_log=====[2010-11-03 15:16:46 -0700] warn [branding::include] Encountered error in branding::include: Branding::include(index.html) failed: can't write into /home/j279259/.cpanel/nvdata.cache: Disk quota exceeded at /usr/local/cpanel/Cpanel/NVData.pm line 60 =====I have reduced the disk usage to fix the issue.Try...
How to use strace command in linux?
Posted on 14:29 by Unknown
Guys, strace is a useful diagnostic, instructional, and debugging tool. System administrators, diagnosticians and trouble-shooters will find it invaluable for solving problems with programs for which the source is not readily available since they do not need to be recompiled in order to trace them.Here is the exact usage of the strace command :=========Arguments and returned value :Each line in the trace contains the system call name, followed by its arguments in parentheses and its return value. An example from stracing the command ''cat /dev/null''...
How to view binary file in linux?
Posted on 14:25 by Unknown
Guys,Ans :====hexdump /bin/ps //in hexadecimal formatod /bin/ps //in octal formatstrings /bin/ps //in human readable ====check...
What's the exact path of system call functions in linux?
Posted on 14:03 by Unknown
Ans :Where are the system call fuctions stored : /usr/src/linux/kernel/sys_call.Smany of the system calls can be found in /usr/src/linux/kernel/sys.cSome system calls, like fork, have their own source file (e.g., kernel/fork.c).Check it out...
How to add shared libraries on linux?
Posted on 12:54 by Unknown
Guys,Example : ------1. As root, edit file /etc/ld.so.conf. Add a line like /usr/local/pgsql/lib2. Then run command /sbin/ldconfig3.#In a bash shell, type export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib4#In a csh shell, type setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib------That's it. try...
mysql query chache clear
Posted on 11:42 by Unknown
Guys,You can use the following command to clear the cache :======RESET QUERY CACHE;======Ref :http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/mysql-query-cache.htmltry...
Monday, 1 November 2010
Linux + firewall + iptables configuring ?
Posted on 05:57 by Unknown
Firewall configuring :) Here is the excellent URL.http://www.linuxhomenetworking.com/wiki/index.php/Quick_HOWTO_:_Ch14_:_Linux_Firewalls_Using_iptablescheck...
How to install xinetd on linux ?
Posted on 05:28 by Unknown
Guys,You can install it by yum like : yum install xinted*Configuring :xinetd Configuration files locationFollowing are important configuration files for xinetd:/etc/xinetd.conf - The global xinetd configuration file./etc/xinetd.d/ directory - The directory containing all service-specific files such as ftpTask: Understanding default configuration fileYou can view default configuration file with less or cat command:# less /etc/xinetd.confOR# cat /etc/xinetd.confOutput:# Simple configuration file for xinetd## Some defaults, and include /etc/xinetd.d/defaults{...
how to integrate TCP wrapper with xinetd + linux ?
Posted on 05:13 by Unknown
Guys,During installation of xinetd just use the option --with-libwrap=/path/to/libfile That't ...
How do I examine TCP wrapper config file?
Posted on 05:07 by Unknown
Guys.Use tcpdchk command toexamines your tcp wrapper configuration and reports all potential and real problems it can find.tcpdchktcpdchk -vtry...
How do I predict how the TCP wrapper would handle a specific request for service?
Posted on 05:05 by Unknown
Guys,Use tcpdmatch command. predict how tcpd would handle a sshd request from the local system:tcpdmatch sshd localhostThe same request, pretending that hostname lookup failed:tcpdmatch sshd 192.168.1.5To predict what tcpd would do when the client name does not match the client address:tcpdmatch sshd paranoidReplace sshd with in.telnetd, or ftpd and so on. You can use all daemon names specified in inetd.conf or xinetd.conf file.try...
Default Log Files of TCPwrapper ?
Posted on 05:04 by Unknown
TCP Wrappers will do all its logging via syslog according to your /etc/syslog.conf file. The following table lists the standard locations where messages from TCP Wrappers will appear:AIX - /var/adm/messagesHP-UX - /usr/spool/mqueue/syslogLinux - /var/log/messagesFreeBSD / OpenBSD / NetBSD - /var/log/messagesMac OS X - /var/log/system.logSolaris - /var/log/sys...
Configuring TCP Wrapper Config Files?
Posted on 05:00 by Unknown
Guys,Note : I made this article more available for you. /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.denyFile protections: the wrapper, all files used by the wrapper, and all directories in the path leading to those files, should be accessible but not writable for unprivileged users (mode 755 or mode 555). Do not install the wrapper set-uid.As the root user, perform the following edits on the /etc/inetd.conf configuration file:finger stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/sbin/in.fingerd in.fingerdbecomes:finger stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/sbin/tcpd in.fingerd[Note]NoteThe...
How to install tcpwrapper on linux server?
Posted on 04:58 by Unknown
Guys,Ans : yum install tcpdOr From sources : #Download (HTTP): http://files.ichilton.co.uk/nfs/tcp_wrappers_7.6.tar.gz#Download (FTP): ftp://ftp.porcupine.org/pub/security/tcp_wrappers_7.6.tar.gzDownload MD5 sum: e6fa25f71226d090f34de3f6b122fb5a#Additional DownloadsRequired Patch (Fixes some build issues and adds building a shared library): http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/blfs/svn/tcp_wrappers-7.6-shared_lib_plus_plus-1.patchInstallation of TCP WrapperInstall TCP Wrapper with the following commands:patch -Np1 -i ../tcp_wrappers-7.6-shared_lib_plus_plus-1.patch...
Secure Linux Using TCP Wrappers or Protect the daemons using TCP wrappers on Linux??
Posted on 04:28 by Unknown
Guys,TCP Wrappers can be used to GRANT or DENY access to various services on your machine to the outside network or other machines on the same network. It does this by using simple Access List Rules which are included in the two files /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny .Let us consider this scenario: A remote machine remote_mc trying to connect to your local machine local_mc using ssh.When the request from the remote_mc is received by the tcp wrapped service (SSH in this case), it takes the following basic steps:1. It checks the /etc/hosts.allow...
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