Addition, multiplication etc in bash script?

========
#!/bin/bash
x=5 # initialize x to 5
y=3 # initialize y to 3

add=$(($x + $y)) # add the values of x and y and assign it to variable add
sub=$(($x - $y)) # subtract the values of x and y and assign it to variable sub
mul=$(($x * $y)) # multiply the values of x and y and assign it to variable mul
div=$(($x / $y)) # divide the values of x and y and assign it to variable div
mod=$(($x % $y)) # get the remainder of x / y and assign it to variable mod
========

try :)

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How to fetch line by line from the file using bash script?

Guys,

I used following scripts :

----
#!/bin/bash
while read line
do
echo-e "$ line \ n"
done ----

where file name is "file.txt".

Try :)

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Convert mp4 file to flv ?

use following linux command :

--------
/usr/local/bin/mencoder "video.mp4" -o "video.flv" -of lavf -oac mp3lame -lameopts abr:br=56 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=flv:vbitrate=800:mbd=2:mv0:trell:v4mv:cbp:last_pred=3 -srate 22050 -ofps 24 -vf harddup
--------

Input file name :video.mp4
Output file name : video.flv

try :)

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How to convert mpg file to flv file using ffmpeg or mencoder?

Here are the steps those I once used :

=====
I converted the video using ffmpeg command line as below.
----------
ffmpeg -i lions.mpg lions-ffmpeg.flv
----------

PS: input file name : lions.mpg

The video was converted fine.

Then I converted the video using mencoder using the command mentioned below.

-------------
mencoder lions.mpg -o lions-mencoder.flv -of lavf -oac mp3lame -lameopts abr:br=56 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=flv:vbitrate=800:mbd=2:mv0:trell:v4mv:cbp:last_pred=3 -vf scale=450:400 -srate 22050
--------------

Then I generated a thumbnail using ffmpeg command mentioned below.

-------------
ffmpeg -i lions-ffmpeg.flv -ss 1 -t 00:00:01 -s 120x90 -r 1 -f mjpeg lions.jpg
-------------

Then I added meta data to the video.

-------------
flvtool2 -U -P lions-ffmpeg.flv
hasKeyframes: true
hasMetadata: true
duration: 9.976
cuePoints:
audiosamplerate: 44000
audiodatarate: 63.0167957356935
datasize: 482188
---------------
=====

Try :)

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How to Install PAE kernel?

To install PAE kernel, use yum command:

1.
--------
yum install kernel-PAE
---------

Just reboot the server and make sure you boot with PAE kernel i.e. 2.6.18-8.1.15.el5PAE:

2.
---------
reboot
---------

First, update to the latest current kernel, then install the correct -devel package --

3.
---------
yum update kernel
yum install kernel-devel
---------

Finally, reboot and ensure that you are now running kernel-2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 by "uname -a" command.
===========

kernel-PAE-debuginfo rpm build for : RedHat EL 5. For other distributions click here.

Name : kernel-PAE-debuginfo

Version : 2.6.18
Vendor : Red Hat, Inc_
Release : 164.19.1.el5
Date : 2010-05-24 23:43:01
Group : Development/Debug
Source RPM : kernel-2.6.18-164.19.1.el5.src.rpm
Size : 409.63 MB


========
src :

http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/14130160/dir/redhat_el_5/com/kernel-PAE-debuginfo-2.6.18-164.19.1.el5.i686.rpm.html
==========

Try :)

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Can't connect to X11 window server using ':0.0' as the value of the DISPLAY variable

Guys, The steps didn't work on our server but it worked for some other guys.

=======
From one xterm run "su oracle-user" then run "export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0"
From another xterm run: "xhost +" and then from the first xterm run the installer.

$ xhost + # this allows any host to connect to the local X11 session
=======

Try :)

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How to install oracle database 10g on linux server?

Guys, I referred following steps to do the same :


Oracle 10G Installations on linux 64 or 32 arch) :-

==========

1. Minimum Requirement 40 GB Hard disk and 512 RAM.
2. Check following latest packages has been installed on 32 bit linux machine :-

Note : Please note that try search in google like "download name + rpm". As an example : download Imlib _ + rpm. Then download latest rpm and use "rpm -Uvh package name " to install them. Always try download from pbone.com

.....................
Binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4
Compat-db-4.1.25-9
Control-center-2.8.0-12
Gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4
Gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4
Glibc-2.3.4-2
Glibc-common-2.3.4-2
Gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1
Libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4
Libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4
Make-3.80-5
Pdksh-5.2.14-30
Sysstat-5.0.5-1
Xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2
libaio-0.3.9
.......................

3. For 64 bit architechture following packages must be there :

Note : please note that try search in google like "download name + x86_64.rpm". As an example : download Imlib _ x86_64.rpm. Then download latest rpm and use "rpm -Uvh package name " to install them. Always try download from pbone.com. It's very fast and reliable.

====
gcc-3.4.4-2.x86_64.rpm
gcc-c++-3.4.4-2.x86_64.rpm
Libstdc++-devel-3.4.4-2.x86_64.rpm
Cpp-3.4.4-2.x86_64.rpm
Glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.x86_64.rpm
Glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.13.x86_64.rpm
Glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.98.EL.x86_64.rpm
gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1.x86_64.rpm
Compat-db-4.1.25-9.x86_64.rpm
ORBit-0.5.17-14.x86_64.rpm
Gtk+-1.2.10-33.x86_64.rpm
Imlib-1.9.13-23.x86_64.rpm
Libpng10-1.0.16-1.x86_64.rpm
Gdk-pixbuf-0.22.0-16.el4.x86_64.rpm
Libungif-4.1.3-1.x86_64.rpm
sysstat-5.0.5-1.x86_64.rpm
====

3a). Make sure following Kernel parameters has been tuned :

=====
shmmax = 2147483648
shmmni = 4096
shmall = 2097152
shmseg = 10
semmsl = 250
semmns = 32000
semopm = 100
semmni = 128
file-max = 65536
ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
rmem_default = 262144
rmem_max = 262144
wmem_default = 262144
wmem_max = 262144
=======

Run :
=======
/sbin/sysctl -p
=======

3b) Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file:

==========
* soft nproc 2047
* hard nproc 16384
* soft nofile 1024
* hard nofile 65536
==========

Add the following line to the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:

==========
session required pam_limits.so
==========

Disable secure linux by editing the /etc/selinux/config file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows:

=========
SELINUX=disabled
=========

4. Creating Oracle User Accounts :
As a root user :

=========
groupadd dba
groupadd oinstall
useradd -c "Oracle software owner" -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
=========

Note : //option -G : oracle is supplemntary user in the group dba

5. Creating directories :

=========
mkdir /u01/app /u01/app/oracle /u01/oradata
chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app /u01/app/oracle /u01/oradata
chmod 775 /u01/app /u01/app/oracle /u01/oradata
=========

6. Download the oracle database source file for 64 or 32 bit linux machine. Here is the site :

-----
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
-----

a). Download the Oracle 10g release 2 (10.2.0.1.0) software from Oracle website.
Extract the files using following command: For 32bit installation archive

cd /usr/local/src/

unzip 10201_database_linux32.zip

b) For 64bit installation archive

gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
cpio -idmv <10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio

For RHEL 5, Centos 5: Modify database/install/oraparam.ini file and add "redhat-5" to "Certified Versions" section.
Example:

[Certified Versions]
Linux=redhat-3,SuSE-9,redhat-4,UnitedLinux-1.0,asianux-1,asianux-2,redhat-5

8. Login as root and issue the following command:

=======
xhost +
=======
Note : Either use only + or use mc ip where x windows has. + will search all attached mc where x windows has.

9. Login as the oracle user and add the following lines at the end of the .bash_profile file:

-----------------------
# Oracle Settings
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=TSH1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
-------------

10. cd /home/oracle
. .bash_profile //activating current settings for oracle user

Installation :


11. Log into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable : like

........................
su - oracle
DISPLAY=:0.0; export DISPLAY

or : DISPLAY=localhost:0.0; export DISPLAY

You may have to execute as a oracle user :

export TMP=/oratmp
export TEMPDIR=/oratmp
..............


12. Start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing the following command in the database directory:

Go to database directory :

cd /usr/local/src/database
./runInstaller


13. You may see x11 windows could not find error. In that case make it sure that one x11 machine has connected to your server.

If it goes fine, try to proceed further to install oracle via GUI.
==============================

A) Post-Instalation Tasks : Auto Startup and Shutdown of Database and Listener :-

Login as root and modify /etc/oratab file and change last character to Y for apropriate database.

ORCL:$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y

As root user create new file "oracle" (init script for startup and shutdown the database) in /etc/init.d/ directory with following content:

===============
#!/bin/bash
#
# oracle Init file for starting and stopping
# Oracle Database. Script is valid for 10g and 11g versions.
#
# chkconfig: 35 80 30
# description: Oracle Database startup script

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

ORACLE_OWNER="oracle"
ORACLE_HOME="$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1"

case "$1" in
start)
echo -n $"Starting Oracle DB:"
su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
echo "OK"
;;
stop)
echo -n $"Stopping Oracle DB:"
su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME"
echo "OK"
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
esac
==============


Execute (as root) following commands (First script change the permissions, second script is configuring execution for specific runlevels):

chmod 750 /etc/init.d/oracle
chkconfig --add oracle --level 0356


2. Auto Startup and Shutdown of Enterprise Manager Database Control :-

As root user create new file "oraemctl" (init script for startup and shutdown EM DB Console) in /etc/init.d/ directory with following content:

================
#!/bin/bash
#
# oraemctl Starting and stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control.
# Script is valid for 10g and 11g versions.
#
# chkconfig: 35 80 30
# description: Enterprise Manager DB Control startup script

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

ORACLE_OWNER="oracle"
ORACLE_HOME="$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1"

case "$1" in
start)
echo -n $"Starting Oracle EM DB Console:"
su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
echo "OK"
;;
stop)
echo -n $"Stopping Oracle EM DB Console:"
su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
echo "OK"
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
esac
===============


Execute (as root) following commands (First script change the permissions, second script is configuring execution for specific runlevels):

chmod 750 /etc/init.d/oraemctl
chkconfig --add oraemctl --level 0356

3. You may consider to use rlwrap for comfortable work with sqlplus and rman utility :-
RPM package for RedHat compatible (x86) distribution you can download here.
RPM package for RedHat compatible (x86_64) distribution you can download here.
su -
# rpm -ivh rlwrap*.rpm
# exit
echo "alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "alias adrci='rlwrap rman'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
. /home/oracle/.bash_profile
=================

That's it try :)

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